Composite vessel.



T. L. GRAY'.

COMPOSITE VESSEL.

APPLICATION HLED DEc.s. 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I Patented J une 4, 1918.

T. L. GRAY. COMPOSITE VESSEL. APPLICATION FILED No.3. I9II.

l 26,453 o Patented June 4, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

THOMAS L. GRAY, OF MARSHFIELD, OREGON.

COMPOSITE VESSEL.

Speccation of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 4, 1918.

Appueauen ied December 3, 1917. semi No. 205,058.

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS L. GRAY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Marshfield, in the county of Coos and State of Oregon, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Composite Vessels, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to new and useful improvements in composite vessels or ships and has for its primary object the provision of a wooden vessel of conventional type but in which the wooden sheathing is replaced by a ceiling or layer of cement properly reinforced by rods, bolts, wire mesh netting and the like.

In this connection a still further object of my invention consists in constructing the fore and aft bulkhead, the thwart jship bulkheads, the engine and boiler beds, the hanging knees and the breast hooks all of concrete and all integral with the concrete ceiling or lining of the vessel.

IVith these and other objects in view, my invention will be more fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and then specifically pointed out in the claims following the description.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary horizontal fore and aft section;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical midship section;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view upon an enlarged scale to show the covering of wood preservative over the timbers and the inner ceiling of paper between the timbers and concrete.

Corresponding and like parts are referred to in the following description and indicated in all the views of the drawings by the same reference characters.

In the drawings I have illustrated a conventional form of ship structure in which the hull is indicated generally by the numeral 10, including the usual wood frames 1l and outer sheathing of wood 12, the hull being formed with the keel 13 and stem and apron 14 and 15 all of wood in the usual manner in wooden ship construction. As a rule, however, the hull proper thus formed is provided with an interior ceiling of wood planks or boards depending upon the size of the vessel and my invention resides in replacing this with my improved concrete ceiling.

As indicated in the drawings I provide ay concrete ceiling 16 entirely covering the bottom and walls of the hull and preferably of uniform thickness throughout practically its entire extent, the thickness -being dependent upon the size of the vessel. This, at the bottom of the ship may be thickened and properly shaped to provide one or more beds 17 to which the ship engines and boilers may be secured. r

. Furthermore the side walls of the concrete ceiling are formed with inwardly projecting concrete hanging knees 18 which support the deck carrying timbers 19 of the various decks, these timbers being further supported bywater-tight bulkheads 20 and 21 .all 0f concrete suitably reinforced.` At the bow and stern the concrete may be thickened as indicated at 22 to form the breast hooks which are usually constructed of wood.

All portions of this concrete inner structure may be reinforced by wire netting 23 or equivalent material and by metal rods suitably disposed, and in certain instances suitably bent for the particular purpose. For instance, such rods are shown at 24 as curved to reinforce the breast hook at the bow of the vessel and the other rods 25 and 26 are disposed to bra-ce the concrete structure at the juncture of a bulkhead and the side walls of the vessel, the rods 25 being disposed in the side walls and extending past the bulkhead while the rods 26 are bent at right angles intermediate their length and disposed with one arm in the side walls of the vessel and with the other arms in the bulkhead. The stem bolt 27 also serves to reinforce the breast hooks while the keel bolts 28 serve to reinforce the bulkhead. Various tree nails 29 and ceiling bolts 30 extend into the concrete ceiling to additionally brace it and hold it in place and knee bolts 31 extend into the concrete hanging knees to brace them.

As best shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings the inner face or surface of the hull is covered with a coating of wood preservative 32 prior to the pouring of the concrete and an inner lining 33 of heavy paper such as roofing paper is interposed between the wood thus treated and the concrete ceiling proper. y

A vessel thus constructed is superior to the usual type of wooden vessel which is structurally weak fore and aft on account of the shrinkage of the timber. By this construction also practically water-tight bulkheads are obtainable and the structure, as

fer as danger from internal fire is prac comprising a wooden shell, an inner frame supporting the shell, a cementitious monolithic ceiling on the inner side of the frame, and fastening devices securing the shell to the frame and extending into the ceiling to reinforce the seme.

2. A structure for the purpose set forth comprising a wooden shell, an inner frame supporting the shell, an impervious covering for the inner side of the frame, a monolithic cementitious ceiling upon and coeX- 00,16! of this patent may be obtained for tensive with said covering, and festenings extending through the shell, the frame, and the covering into the ceiling.

3. A structure for the purpose set forth v comprising a wooden shell, an inner frame supporting the shell, a cementitious monolith secured to the inner side of the frame and sealing the same, said monolith having inwardly projecting knees on-the inner surfaces of its side portions, hulkheads connecting seid side portions, bulkheads connecting its end portions, and beds in its lower portion, monolith' and comprising e member extending through the entire length and width ofk the same, other members shaped to and extending through the angles of the monolith, and other members extending longitu-A dinally of the side portions of the monolith et the junctions of the same and the bulkheads.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

THOMAS L. GRAY.

ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner ot Paten, Washington, D. 0.

and reinforcements within the y 

